日本語の勉強を再スタート（もう一度）
Learning Japanese from start (again)
日語之重新開始（再）
【2】ひらがな/カタカナ HIRAGANA/KATAKANA 平假名/片假名
【2】ひらがな/カタカナ HIRAGANA/KATAKANA 平假名/片假名
☆
Relooking at Hiragana and Katakana！
重新看平假名和片假名！
This is my fourth year into looking at kana and I still cannot write some of the characters well (=.=)… It didn't really matter to me in the past… But I had better correct my writing asap…
接觸假名已進入第四年，但有些字我還是寫不好… 以前自學是無所謂啦（這什麼話？！），我最好還是乘早糾正一下…
But first things first, what in the world is hiragana and katakana?!
首先，平假名和片假名到底是什麼東東啊？！
In simple terms, it's the ABCs of Japanese Language.
簡單來說就是日語的 ABC。
Perhaps a little too simplistic huh.
這樣好像說得太淺白了一點。
☆
I shall start by revising an important idea：
先復習一個重要的概念：
拍 (はく)
mora
音拍
It's a linguistic term, in case you are wondering.
這是語音學的專有名詞。
The idea is very similar to syllables in English but it is not the same.
英語和中文的音節和日語的音拍不太一樣。（在現代漢語/普通話/國語/中文，一個漢字等於一個音節。而一個漢字由聲母、韻母和聲調組成。）
Mora is a fixed unit of time, one mora corresponds to one beat.
音拍是以固定長度劃分的時間單位，一個音拍等於一拍。
Syllables and mora are not the same as in Japanese Language, there are「長音符 (ちょうおんぷ chōonpu)」、「促音 (そくおん sokuon)」and「拗音 (ようおん yōon), which also contributes to one beat.
音節和音拍之所以有差別是因為日語有所謂的「長音符」、「促音」和「拗音」，而這三者都算一個音拍。
Example 例子
「とうきょう」
Tokyo
東京
When read, 「とうきょう」will only have two syllables：TOU-KYOU
讀起來的話，「とうきょう」只有兩個音節：TOU-KYOU
讀起來的話，「とうきょう」只有兩個音節：TOU-KYOU
Tokyo is written as「とうきょう」in hiragana and it consists of 4 mora：と(to) う(u) きょ(kyo) う(u）
「東京」用平假名寫的話是「とうきょう」，那是四個音拍：と(to) う(u) きょ(kyo) う(u）
「東京」用平假名寫的話是「とうきょう」，那是四個音拍：と(to) う(u) きょ(kyo) う(u）
It helps if you understand a bit of music, as you can see one mora as one beat in music.
如果稍微懂音樂的話就容易多了，因為可以把音拍看作音樂裡的一拍。
如果稍微懂音樂的話就容易多了，因為可以把音拍看作音樂裡的一拍。
Example 例子
「ふるさと」（piano ver 鋼琴版 + hiragana lyrics 平假名歌詞）
Each hiragana character (of the lyrics) corresponds to one musical note.
歌詞裡的每個平假名會有對應的音符。
一個假名等於一拍（一個音拍）。
Just roughly get the idea.
稍微體會一下就好了。
About the weird-looking「しゃ」，「しょ」…
關於那些看起來有些怪的「しゃ」、「しょ」…
「しゃ」是日語的「拗音」的一種，目前不會寫到…
☆
BEGIN Japanology（Hiragana and Katakana）
http://youtu.be/d5Ih9OFc17A
Quite an interesting introduction to writing forms in Japanese.
http://youtu.be/d5Ih9OFc17A
Quite an interesting introduction to writing forms in Japanese.
蠻有趣的日本的書寫系統介紹。
There were Japan did not have their own writing system until Chinese characters (Kanji) was imported from China (in the form of Classical Chinese).
沒有記載顯示在中國的方塊字（以文言文的形式）傳入日本之前，日本就有自己的書寫系統。
這些方塊字用作經文和詩文的表音文字「萬葉假名 (万葉仮名 manyougana)」。
ひらがな HIRAGANA 平假名
「ひらがな」is one of the three writing script in Japan. In early years of the development of a written script, different individuals chose different Chinese characters to represent a Japanese syllable. Later, the cursive script（草書 cǎo shū）used in recording poetry was simplified from selected Chinese characters and become standardised as Hiragana of today.
「ひらがな」是日本三個主要的書寫系統之一。早期書寫系統在日本出現時，不同的人用不同的漢字來表音。後來用來記錄詩文的中國的草書被簡化成今時今日使用的平假名。
Curves, smooth lines and calligraphic flow are characteristics of Hiragana.平假名的特點是它的曲線。
カタカナ KATAKANA 片假名
All the syllables represented by Hiragana has a set of corresponding script called Katakana.
平假名表的音都有一套相應的文字：片假名。
「カタカナ」is also a writing script in Japan. Katakana was first used by Budshist monks to show pronunciation of Kanji used to transcribe sutras. Similar to how Hiragana was developed, the radicals of Chinese characters written in Regular script (楷書 kǎi shū) was simplified into Katakana.
「カタカナ」也是日本的書寫系統之一。片假名源自和尚用來標註經文的楷書漢字。
Katakana looks straigther than Hiragana, as if it was written with a ruler.
片假名不像平假名那樣有曲線，四四方方的，有點像用尺一筆一筆劃出來的…
漢字 KANJI 漢字
「漢字」are Chinese characters imported from China.
Katakana looks straigther than Hiragana, as if it was written with a ruler.
片假名不像平假名那樣有曲線，四四方方的，有點像用尺一筆一筆劃出來的…
漢字 KANJI 漢字
「漢字」are Chinese characters imported from China.
「漢字」是從中國傳入日本的方塊字。
2136 characters are selected as「常用漢字 (jōyō kanji)」(which means “Kanji for daily use”) by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Out of the 2136 characters, 1,006 of them are taught in Primary/Elementary schools and the rest are taught in Secondary/Junior High/Middle schools and High schools.
有2136個漢字被日本的文部科學省（教育部）選作「常用漢字」。其中1006個是被規定為在小學/國小學習的漢字，其餘的1130個字則在中學/初中/國中和高中學習。
There are many words which are Chinese characters but are invented by Japan after the influx of Western concepts and words.
事實上，有不少漢語用詞是從吸收了西方知識和詞語的日語的「和製漢語」引入的。
An example would be the word for “society”. “Society” is written as「社会 (しゃかい shakai)」in Japanese. The word「社会」was later adopted by Chinese to represent the word “society” and written as「社會」(traditional Chinese) or「社会」(simplified Chinese)。
作為 “society” 的譯語，「社會」其實源自和製漢語「社会」。
There are also characters that Japan invented, for example「辻 (つじ tsuji)」, but these are not very commonly used words.
也有日本創造出來的漢字，像是「辻」，但這些都不是常用的字。
（雖然日本的漢字和中國的方塊字很像，也有不少的寫法略有不同。像是中文繁體字的「漢」偏旁的一部分是「廿」，日文的漢字則是草字頭「艹」。打字看不出來。）
ローマ字 ROMAJI 羅馬字
Romaji (with space) is also used for foreigners who cannot read Japanese Script.
羅馬字是方便看不懂日本文字的外國人而使用的文字。
☆
Why the need for 3 different writing scripts？
為什麼一個語言需要三種不同的書寫文字？
In written Japanese, there are no spaces between words and grammar particles.
書寫日文時，字與字之間並沒有空格（和中文一樣）。
The use of punctuations in Japan became common only in the 19th Century (Even so, punctuations are not used often, resulting in long sentences and huge chunks of paragraphs that can be difficult to read…).
到了19世紀，標點符號才在日本普及化（即便如此，日語也很少使用標點符號，所以有些句子和段落很長、很難唸）。
The use of punctuations in Japan became common only in the 19th Century (Even so, punctuations are not used often, resulting in long sentences and huge chunks of paragraphs that can be difficult to read…).
到了19世紀，標點符號才在日本普及化（即便如此，日語也很少使用標點符號，所以有些句子和段落很長、很難唸）。
Hiragana is used for Japanese concepts/words, grammatical particles, inflected parts of verbs/nouns/adjectives/etc. and also furigana (振り仮名, Japanese reading aid in form of smaller text on top of horizontally written Kanji and to the left of vertically written Kanji to indicate pronounciation).
Katakana is used for writing foreign names, foreign loan words, to mimic sound effects, etc.
片假名用於書寫外來名詞、外來借詞、擬聲語等。
Japanese Language also have quite a significant amount of homonyms (words with same spelling but different meaning).
日語當中也有不少同音字。
Kanji, 「アクセント (“accent”, pitch that arises from emphasis on different mora)」and context helps differentiate between these words.
漢字、重音（アクセント）和語境能幫助區分這些詞彙。
☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆
How to learn Hiragana and Katakana？
怎麼學習平假名和片假名？
I sort out an eat-all-you-can Buffet menu, you can pick what suits your palate (The list is not exclusive, there can be other methods to learn Hiragana and Katakana that I am not aware of).
我整理出一套自助餐菜單，你可以挑選適合自己胃口的菜色（當然不只這些，可能還有我不知道的學習法）。
Dishes offered (not in order of merit)：
菜色如下（不分前後排名）：
☆
1）Catchy song 朗朗上口的歌
http://youtu.be/IWR1Ziynt8g
Learn Japanese：Katakana symbols（GenkiJapan.net）
http://youtu.be/Mri5USM_6dY
2分鐘內過46個音，我不相信你不會記住「a i u e o ka ki ku ke ko…」（we 和 wi 不算在裡面）。
發音標準，多看幾遍應該能幫助認得符號（假名）和音，但是這個方法無法練習怎麼寫。
If you think it's too irritating then forget this method.
如果覺得太煩人就直接放棄這個方式。
☆
2）Tracing 模仿筆畫
Online resources：
網上資源：
Hiragana 平假名
Katakana 片假名
Alternatively you can use templates to practice (like penmenship)：
不然用字帖也可以：
不然用字帖也可以：
Hiragana 平假名
Katakana 片假名
I should print this and practice…
我應該把這個打印出來練習…
☆
3）Learn by playing 通過玩遊戲學習
HIRAGANA/KATAKANA games 平假名/片假名遊戲
通過羅馬音和假名的配對，記住假名的羅馬音（當作認字能力的小測試還蠻不錯的）。
一直答錯會很煩/有挫折感…
For start, perhaps you can place a kana table beside for reference？
或許開始時可以在旁邊放個假名表參考？
☆
4）Picture Association 聯想法
This should be an interesting way to learn for visual learners…
對喜歡圖畫的人應該很快就能認字（是叫直觀學習法？）…
English（demo ver.）
中文（試用視頻）
Hiragana 平假名
Katakana 片假名
☆
5）Understand how the characters came about 理解假名是怎麼來的
Japanese Hiragana
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_hiragana.htm
Japanese Katakana
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_katakana.htm
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_hiragana.htm
Japanese Katakana
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_katakana.htm
平假名語源（Origins of Hiragana）
片假名語源（Origins of Katakana）
☆
嗯… 第二項就像飯，是定食。其他的就像配菜，是用來配飯吃的。單單白飯當然也可以很好吃，但是好像營養不太均衡。
☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆
網上有很多假名表，但我最喜歡 NHK WORLD 的，因為假名都有標注羅馬音和筆順。
（ENG）http://www3.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/syllabary/index.html
（中）http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/chinese/syllabary/index.html
(I have 3 copies of it, stuck in my notebooks, lol.)
（我有三份這個假名表，都貼在筆記本裡供參考。）
The writing is also the standard writing used.
這假名表的字體也是標準的寫法。
There are two common ways to write「さ」、「き」and「ふ」of Hiragana. One type breaks off in the center (written as separated strokes) and the other one is connected.
（ENG）http://www3.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/syllabary/index.html
（中）http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/chinese/syllabary/index.html
(I have 3 copies of it, stuck in my notebooks, lol.)
（我有三份這個假名表，都貼在筆記本裡供參考。）
The writing is also the standard writing used.
這假名表的字體也是標準的寫法。
There are two common ways to write「さ」、「き」and「ふ」of Hiragana. One type breaks off in the center (written as separated strokes) and the other one is connected.
平假名的「さ」、「き」和「ふ」有兩種常見寫法。一種是彎曲的部分分開寫，另一種則是當作一劃連著寫。
Textbooks tend to use the form where it breaks off in the center while online websites tend to show the connected form.
課本和教材多數使用中間斷開的字體，網站上看到的多數是連著的字體。
Both ways of writing are correct, as it varies amongst different fonts. It also depends on which type you are asked to follow.
兩種都是對的，因為不同字體的寫法不同。老師/教材讓你學哪個就學哪個。
I used to write the connected form (since I did not learn by using a kana table), but I have changed to writing the strokes separately last year.
我以前是用連著的寫法（因為我沒有用假名表），但是去年我改成寫分開寫的寫法。
Personally, I feel that the writing the strokes separately is easier as it's not easy to achieve a nice curve in「さ」.
我覺得分開寫比較容易，「さ」那個弧度真的很難掌握。
☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆
As I have mentioned in the previous post, I shall review my own way of learning hiragana and katakana…
在上一篇提到要說說自己學習假名的方式，現在來檢討一下…
What I used was copying lyrics.
我用的辦法是抄歌詞。
I started with this and I am still doing it. It helped alot in helping me remember the characters. I believe it would have been better practice if I had learnt the correct way of writing the characters before attempting to copy lyrics.
我就是從這裡開始的，現在也還有在抄。這方法對我來說還蠻有用的，久而久之就把假名還有歌詞常見漢字記住了。如果把寫法練好再抄，效果應該會更好。
Copying lyrics is a form of writing practice and through the process, learn Kanji and readings. And you can follow the song with the lyrics in hand.
抄歌詞可以練字，也可以順便學習漢字讀音。學會音後就能更著曲子了。
Of course, there are downsides to this method… It's time consuming and you cannot learn Grammar from lyrics (it's possible to learn vocabulary from lyrics).
這方法當然也有短處，那就是很花時間，而且無法用歌詞學習語法（學點詞彙就可以）。
☆
Materials 材料
Choose a song you like, anime or drama theme songs are good ideas, but preferably a slower song so that you can follow.
Find the lyrics.
Example 例子
「Friendship」相葉雅紀 Masaki AIBA
どれぐらいの奇跡(きせき)が重(かさ)なってさ
romaji with space：bokurawa kouyatte sa deaetan darou？
Google Translate can be a useful tool in checking the romaji spelling, but it is not totally reliable. It is useful but you should not rely on it.
谷歌翻譯器可以把羅馬音叫出來所以很好用，但那不一定是對的。雖然很好用，但不可以依賴它。
Just being able to read this two system of writings can open up the windows to learning about Japanese culture.
單單會認假名就能開啓認識日本文化的窗。
Hiragana and Katakana are really important and it is the first obstacle in learning Japanese Language. The second obstacle will be grammar and the third one would be honorifics. I am kind of stuck at grammar at this moment, so I am giving myself time and space to learn it well once and for all.
平假名和片假名對於日語學習來說非常重要。假名是日語學習的第一道難題，第二道是語法，第三道則是敬語。我卡在語法這一關，所以現在在給予自己時間和空間好好學習。
I went the other way round, learning kana from lyrics. I feel really stupid. Please don't do it. Use the kana table (syllabary table) wisely.
Correcting is more painful than learning.
改正比學習還要痛苦。
I should slow down and practice writing hiragana and katakana…
我應該要放慢腳步，踏實學寫平假名和片假名…
I have to cut down on the amount of content due to time constraints.
因為時間關係，我覺得我必須減少內容。
I hope the quality will not suffer as a result.
我希數量減質量不減。
( I could not find the original Japanese text, so I translated it from Chinese, at my best ability)
（沒找到日文原文。）
（完 • END ）
Materials 材料
① kana table 假名表（ENG / 中）
② Pen / Pencil 筆/鉛筆
③ Foolscap paper / 有線條的A4紙
④ Internet access / 網絡
⑤ Google Translate（Japanese handwriting mode） / 谷歌翻譯器（日語手寫模式）
② Pen / Pencil 筆/鉛筆
③ Foolscap paper / 有線條的A4紙
④ Internet access / 網絡
⑤ Google Translate（Japanese handwriting mode） / 谷歌翻譯器（日語手寫模式）
How 怎麼個做法
Choose a song you like, anime or drama theme songs are good ideas, but preferably a slower song so that you can follow.
選一首喜歡的歌，動漫或連續劇主題曲都不錯，但最好是慢一點的曲子。
Find the lyrics.
找出歌詞。
Sort out the lyrics and start copying.
整理歌詞，然後開始抄。
Recommended Template：
建議以這個方式抄寫：
Japanese lyrics / 歌詞原文
Syllable / 讀音 AND/OR Romaji lyrics / 羅馬音
English translation of lyrics / 中譯歌詞
Example 例子
「Friendship」相葉雅紀 Masaki AIBA
どれぐらいの奇跡(きせき)が重(かさ)なってさ
syllable：do re gu ra i no ki se ki ga ka sa na tte sa
romaji with space：dore guraino kisekiga kasanattesa
要累積多少的奇跡在一起
How many miracles must happen
僕(ぼく)らはこうやってさ 出(で)会(あ)えたんだろう？
syllable：bo ku ra wa ko u ya tte sa de a e ta n da ro u？romaji with space：dore guraino kisekiga kasanattesa
要累積多少的奇跡在一起
How many miracles must happen
僕(ぼく)らはこうやってさ 出(で)会(あ)えたんだろう？
romaji with space：bokurawa kouyatte sa deaetan darou？
我們才能這樣 彼此相遇？
before we could meet like this?
before we could meet like this?
Useful lyrics site 歌詞網站
（振假名 furigana）
（振假名 furigana）
Google Translate can be a useful tool in checking the romaji spelling, but it is not totally reliable. It is useful but you should not rely on it.
谷歌翻譯器可以把羅馬音叫出來所以很好用，但那不一定是對的。雖然很好用，但不可以依賴它。
There can be sound change in Japanese language and it is quite common in lyrics.
So I always check a few translations and refer to the song to double-check the romaji.
So I always check a few translations and refer to the song to double-check the romaji.
日語會有變音情況，在歌詞裡很常見。網上找到的羅馬音也不見得一定準確，所以自己要去對。最好的驗證方法就是聽歌對羅馬音。
（中文翻譯比英文翻譯好找，但原文歌詞要稍微留意。有些網站的漢字會被切換成簡體字，最初我就掉落了那個陷阱… 所以要注意！最好是去日文網站找。）
What I want to say is use different resources you can find.
我想說的是… 多利用不同的資源。
☆
單單會認假名就能開啓認識日本文化的窗。
Hiragana and Katakana are really important and it is the first obstacle in learning Japanese Language. The second obstacle will be grammar and the third one would be honorifics. I am kind of stuck at grammar at this moment, so I am giving myself time and space to learn it well once and for all.
平假名和片假名對於日語學習來說非常重要。假名是日語學習的第一道難題，第二道是語法，第三道則是敬語。我卡在語法這一關，所以現在在給予自己時間和空間好好學習。
I went the other way round, learning kana from lyrics. I feel really stupid. Please don't do it. Use the kana table (syllabary table) wisely.
我是從歌詞撿出假名，一個一個這樣抄… 真心覺得自己很蠢。請勿模仿，善用假名表。
改正比學習還要痛苦。
I should slow down and practice writing hiragana and katakana…
我應該要放慢腳步，踏實學寫平假名和片假名…
I think I spent too much time on the first two posts…
我好像花太多時間寫前兩篇了…
我好像花太多時間寫前兩篇了…
I have to cut down on the amount of content due to time constraints.
因為時間關係，我覺得我必須減少內容。
I hope the quality will not suffer as a result.
我希數量減質量不減。
Upon encountering a problem I cannot solve, even if someone told me how to solve it, I will forget the solution after some time as the solution has not become my knowledge. But what I have spent a long time pondering on and solving will be remembered for life. —— Kouhei TSUMURA ＜Gakusei gai no satsujin＞
遇到解不開的問題，如果別人告訴我怎麼解題，即使當時懂了，也會很快忘記，因為並沒有完全變成自己的知識。但是，自己花了很長時間，絞盡腦汁解出的問題不會忘記。 —— 津村 光平《學生街殺人》
( I could not find the original Japanese text, so I translated it from Chinese, at my best ability)
（沒找到日文原文。）
☆
（完 • END ）
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