日本語の「音」を学んでいます
Learning the “sounds” of Japanese Language
學習著日語的「音」
【05】 無声化・Devoicing・無聲化
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內容 CONTENTS
1）母音無声化（ぼいんむせいか）
a) 高元音・High vowels
b) 無聲輔音・Voiceless consonants
a) 高元音・High vowels
b) 無聲輔音・Voiceless consonants
c) 無聲化・Devoicing
2）參考・References
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1）母音無声化（ぼいんむせいか）
a) 高元音・High vowels
所謂的「高元音」，意思就是發音時舌位高，且儘可能靠近上顎。
By “high vowel”, it means that the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth when pronouncing the vowel.
/i/ 應該是世界上最常見的元音，而 /i/ 就是一個高元音。
/i/ is probably the most common vowel in the world, and /i/ is a high vowel.
日語有兩個高元音 /i/（い） 和 /ɰ/（う）。
Japanese language has two high vowels /i/（い） and /ɰ/（う）.閉後圓唇元音：/u/
Close back rounded vowel: /u/
閉後不圓唇元音：/ɰ/
Close back unrounded vowel: /ɰ/
或許正因為不圓唇，才會造成消音。
Perhaps because it is precisely unrounded, that’s why there is this devoicing.
b) 無聲輔音・Voiceless consonants
/k, s, t, h/ 是日語的清輔音。
/k, s, t, h/ are voiceless consonants in Japanese.
清輔音就是發音時，肺部氣流有阻礙，聲帶不振動的語音。
A voiceless consonant is a speech sound produced with closure of the vocal tract, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.
c) 無聲化・Devoicing
日語中，/i/ 和 /ɰ/ 在清輔音之間（例：がくせい），或作為詞尾跟在清輔音後面時（例：いきます），會有無聲化的現象。
In Japanese Language, /i/ and /ɰ/ are devoiced when they come between two voiceless consonants (e.g. がくせい) or follows after a voiceless consonant at the end of the word (e.g. いきます).
例子・Examples：学生（がくせい）
白菜（はくさい）
国際（こくさい）
タクシー
好き（すき）
我能想到的例子都是高元音 /ɰ/ 夾在 /s/ 和 /k/ 之間的。
Examples I can think of are all of which the high vowel /ɰ/ is between /s/ and /k/.
發出的 /ɰ/ 很輕，好像被刪掉一樣。
The /ɰ/ is so soft, as if it was deleted.
聽感上就是那裡好像有個「っ」。
The result will be like as if there was a「っ」there.
至於原理是什麼，根據 Japanese Professor，「（譯）在一個音拍的時間內嘴還保持著發元音的嘴形，因此元音沒有被發音」。
As for the mechanism, according to Japanese Professor, “the mouth still takes and hold the shape of the vowel for the duration of the mora, it isn't voiced.”
嘴是保持著元音的嘴形？有點搞不懂。
The mouth holds the shape of the vowel? Didn't really get it.
「です」和「ます」的 “u”（ /ɰ/ ）無聲化後，聽上去就是 “des” 和 “mas”，“s” 的音好像拉長一樣。
When the “u” ( /ɰ/ ) in 「です」and「ます」is devoiced, the sound effect will be “des” and “mas”, the “s” will appear to be extended.
會真的發成 “desu” 大概是因為元音 “u” 發成了圓唇元音了吧。
If the sound effect is really “desu”，it's probably due to the pronouncing of “u” as a rounded vowel.
如果發成不圓唇元音，一定會有 “des” 和 “mas” 的音效的。
If it is not the rounded vowel, it definitely will have the “des” and “mas” sound effect.
When the “u” ( /ɰ/ ) in 「です」and「ます」is devoiced, the sound effect will be “des” and “mas”, the “s” will appear to be extended.
會真的發成 “desu” 大概是因為元音 “u” 發成了圓唇元音了吧。
If the sound effect is really “desu”，it's probably due to the pronouncing of “u” as a rounded vowel.
如果發成不圓唇元音，一定會有 “des” 和 “mas” 的音效的。
If it is not the rounded vowel, it definitely will have the “des” and “mas” sound effect.
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2）參考・References
音速語言學習（日語）— 「單元07」母音無聲化
Japanese Professor — Pitch Accent and Vowel Devoicing
Tae Kim's Guide to Japanese Forum — Pattern to voiceless vowels?http://www.guidetojapanese.org/forum/viewtopic.php?id=519
☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆.｡.:*･ﾟ*:.｡.☆☆
距離上次以這個主題寫文真的是有一段時間啦...
It’s been a while since I last wrote a post on this topic...
其實我能理解和能寫的東西也不多。
Actually, what I am able to comprehend and write is limited.
盡力而為。
I'll do what I can.
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✿【00】出発点（しゅっぱつてん）
✿【01】「母音」と「長音」
✿【02】「子音」と「促音」
✿【03】 「母音」、「子音」、「鼻音」
✿【04】拍
✿【06】アクセント
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（完）
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